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• Constitution of the United States/Fourteenth Amend./Section 1 Rights
  ...1 Rights}}<font size="+3">Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection and Other Rights</font> <font size="+2">Section 1 Rights</font>
  1.11 MB (176,394 words) - 04:39, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Sec. 2/Clause 1 Cases or Controversies
  ...ect is submitted in a case and a case arises only when a party asserts his rights "in a form prescribed by law."<ref><span id="ALDF_00023469">''[[Osborn v. B ...crete character constituting an actual or threatened interference with the rights of the person complaining."</span></ref> Standing concerns ''who'' may brin
  935 KB (144,511 words) - 04:46, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Fifth Amend.
  ...the United States|alias =Fifth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Fifth Amendment Rights of Persons</font> ...stantive due process generally protects certain fundamental constitutional rights from federal government interference in specific subject areas such as libe
  492 KB (76,863 words) - 04:29, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Section 1 Vesting Clause
  ....2d 961, 965-966 (D.C. Cir. 1949), ''rev'd on other grounds sub nom'', ''[[Johnson v. Eisentrager]]'', 339 U.S. 763 (1950); ''[[Battaglia v. General Motors Co ...expositions on the legitimacy of judicial review, see L. Hand, The Bill of Rights (1958); H. Wechsler, Principles, Politics, and Fundamental Law: Selected Es
  384 KB (58,677 words) - 04:46, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Introduction
  ...an courts is committed the guardianship of deeply cherished constitutional rights."<ref><span id="ALDF_00002119">''[[Minersville School Dist. v. Gobitis]]'', ====Bill of Rights (First Through Tenth Amendments)====
  313 KB (45,628 words) - 04:28, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/First Amend./Free Speech Clause
  ...ent for a redress of grievances."<ref><span id="ALDF_00025504">The Bill of Rights: A Documentary History 1148-49 (B. Schwartz ed. 1971).</span></ref> Later, ...ee'' J. Smith, Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties 159 et seq. (1956).</span></ref> Although the Supreme Court never
  676 KB (103,970 words) - 16:04, November 7, 2023
• Constitutional Liberties
  | book_two = Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties, and Justice *# Are the means no-less-rights-restrictive than necessary to achieve the purpose?
  268 KB (42,125 words) - 13:54, June 30, 2023
• Constitutional Law Chemerinsky/Outline I
  ...y examinable. But where a specific duty is assigned by law, and individual rights depend upon the performance of that duty, it seems equally clear that the i ...ts so Supreme Court can review when individuals think their Constitutional rights are violated.
  373 KB (58,299 words) - 19:37, July 2, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Sixth Amend.
  ...the United States|alias =Sixth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Sixth Amendment Rights in Criminal Prosecutions</font> ...the states by the Amendment's terms, the Court has come to protect all the rights guaranteed in the Sixth Amendment against state abridgment through the Due
  423 KB (65,907 words) - 04:29, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/First Amend./Religion
  ...hts|First Amend.: Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights]].</span></ref> and apply to the states by incorporation through the Fourte ...1967); Sanford Hoadley Cobb, The Rise of Religious Liberty in America vii (Johnson Reprint Corp. 1970) (1902).</span></ref> The Framers of the Religion Clause
  107 KB (15,767 words) - 16:25, November 7, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. II/Section 4 Impeachment
  {{Clause|Clause Text|The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment ...eachment, shall be by jury."</span></ref> Vice President, and all federal "civil officers" for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.<ref>
  143 KB (21,049 words) - 04:44, September 13, 2023
• Manual of Legal Citation/Tables
  ...ts of Appeals (e.g., 2d Cir.), and Court of Appeals of/for the District of Columbia (D.C. Cir.): Cite to F., F.2d, or F.3d. ...'''Other NOAA Decisions:''' For decisions of administrative law judges in civil administrative law cases, cite to the ''Ocean Resources and Wildlife Report
  255 KB (36,483 words) - 03:50, June 1, 2020
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 6/Clause 1 Pay, Privileges, and Immunities
  <font size="+2">Section 6 Rights and Disabilities</font> ...ndments, ten of which the states quickly ratified and comprise the Bill of Rights. The states would ultimately ratify the Twenty-Seventh Amendment on May 7,
  65 KB (10,150 words) - 04:33, September 13, 2023
• Section 1983 Litigation/Constitutional Rights Enforceable Under § 1983
  ...onal rights enforceable under § 1983. The enforcement of federal statutory rights under § 1983 is analyzed ''infra'' [[Section 1983 Litigation/Enforcement o === Fourteenth Amendment Rights===
  205 KB (30,427 words) - 13:52, October 8, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Fourth Amend.
  ...Searches and Seizures]].</span></ref> protects the "full enjoyment of the rights of personal security, personal liberty, and private property"<ref><span id= ...' at 498.</span></ref> ''[[Entick v. Carrington]]'' was one of a series of civil actions against state officers who, pursuant to general warrants, had raide
  370 KB (57,962 words) - 04:29, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 8/Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause
  ...id="ALDF_00015018">''See'' [[{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/Tenth Amend.|Tenth Amendment Rights Reserved to the States and the People]] ("The powers not delegated to the U ...rning litigation in these courts."); ''see also'' ''[[Artis v. District of Columbia]]'', No. 16-460, slip op. at 16-18 (2018) (reaffirming ''[[Jinks]]'').</spa
  239 KB (36,333 words) - 04:37, September 13, 2023
• Constitutional Law Maggs/4th ed. Outline II
  ...in exchange for government offerings. You cannot give up '''''inalienable rights'''''. '''''Bill of Rights ''''' Traditional Rights are split into
  72 KB (11,057 words) - 11:41, May 23, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. II/Sec. 2/Clause 2 Advice and Consent
  ..., of the international legal personality understood as the ability to have rights and obligations under international law."); Rosalyn Higgins, The Developmen ...225">For analysis of the impact of negotiations with Spain over navigation rights to the Mississippi, see Charles Warren, The Mississippi River and the Treat
  423 KB (63,941 words) - 04:44, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 8/Clause 4 Uniform Laws
  ...GENAME}}/Fourteenth Amend.|Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection and Other Rights]].</span></ref> Moreover, Congress's power over naturalization is exclusive ...ation law provided that all aliens residing in South Carolina had the same rights and privileges as any person born to English parents. Carpenter, ''supra''
  180 KB (27,179 words) - 04:35, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. II/Sec. 2/Clause 1 Military, Administrative, and Clemency
  ...the government are brought into question.''[[Fleming]]''.}}Even after the Civil War, a powerful minority of the Court, led by Chief Justice Salmon Chase, d ...ressing an insurrection, has met with such armed hostile resistance, and a civil war of such alarming proportions as will compel him to accord to them the c
  174 KB (27,204 words) - 04:44, September 13, 2023
• Entertainment Law
  ...focuses on the following, all of which affect transactions, contracts, IP rights, etc.: ...flected in licensing standards was seriously detrimental to constitutional rights of the motion picture industry and its fans (MPAA created after this)
  122 KB (18,711 words) - 15:48, May 25, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/First Amend.
  ...al Freedoms]].</span></ref> viewed broadly, protects religious liberty and rights related to freedom of speech. Specifically, the Religion Clauses prevent th ...hts|First Amend.: Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights]].</span></ref> and apply to the states by incorporation through the Fourte
  127 KB (19,290 words) - 16:15, November 7, 2023
• Section 1983 Litigation/Elements of Claim, Functional Role, Pleading, and Jurisdiction
  ...ting under color of state law, violated the claimant’s federally protected rights. The Supreme Court has identified two elements of a § 1983 claim. The plai ...irement” and is not limited “to intentional deprivations of constitutional rights.”<ref>''Parratt'', 451 U.S. at 534.</ref>
  64 KB (9,353 words) - 22:36, September 26, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Eighth Amend.
  ...> In addition, although the Eighth Amendment (like the rest of the Bill of Rights) was understood originally to apply only to the federal government, the Sup ...s proper to grant bail. When this clause was carried over into our Bill of Rights, nothing was said that indicated any different concept."<ref><span id="ALDF
  180 KB (27,855 words) - 04:30, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. II/Section 3 Duties
  ...War and the Constitution chs. 1, 7 (1946).</span></ref> While certain pre-Civil War Presidents, mostly of Whig extraction, professed hesitation regarding " ...obtained a mandamus in the United States circuit court for the District of Columbia. The lower court concluded that the duty of the President under the Take Ca
  167 KB (25,521 words) - 04:44, September 13, 2023
• Alan Dershowitz
  ...13, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> He has also been described as a noted civil libertarian.<ref name=Leonnig/><ref>{{cite news | last=Levinson | first=Arl ...Israel'' (2003); ''Rights From Wrongs: A Secular Theory of the Origins of Rights'' (2004); and ''The Case for Peace'' (2005). His two most recent works were
  89 KB (11,913 words) - 13:52, January 25, 2020
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 9/Clause 3 Nullification
  ...nts less severe than death, such as banishment or deprivation of political rights.<ref><span id="ALDF_00020229">''Id.'' at 441-42.</span></ref> Bills of atta ...ing] this constitutional bulwark in favor of personal security and private rights."<ref><span id="ALDF_00020234">''Id.''</span></ref> Joseph Story's ''Commen
  83 KB (13,244 words) - 04:37, September 13, 2023
• Section 1983 Litigation/Attorneys’ Fees
  ...e expense of litigation, Congress has authorized attorney’s fees for civil-rights plaintiffs.”).</ref> ...ely constitute major litigation”).</ref> Fee litigation “can turn a simple civil case into two or even more cases—the case on the merits, the case for fee
  37 KB (5,499 words) - 22:37, September 26, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/First Amend./Free Exercise Clause
  ...|Fourteenth Amend., Sec. 1: Early Doctrine on Incorporation of the Bill of Rights]].</span></ref> In ''[[Cantwell]]'', the Court explained that the Religion ...e religion was not a defense to a polygamy prosecution, the constitutional rights of a juror in a bigamy trial "could not" be violated by inquiring "whether
  99 KB (15,193 words) - 15:51, November 7, 2023
• Conrad Johnson
  | last_name = Johnson | law_school = Columbia Law School
  759 bytes (91 words) - 03:24, June 25, 2012
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 8/Clause 3 Commerce
  ...he several States," however, does not comprise commerce of the District of Columbia or the territories of the United States. Congress's power over their commer .... United States]]'', the Court upheld a provision of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited certain categories of business establishments t
  286 KB (44,289 words) - 16:30, October 11, 2023
• Section 1983 Litigation/Municipal Liability
  ...from the issue of whether there was a violation of the plaintiff’s federal rights. A “proper analysis requires [the separation of] two different issues whe ...liability based on an exercise of the discretion.”). ''See'' Killinger v. Johnson, 389 F.3d 765, 771 (7th Cir. 2004) (“mere authority to implement pre-exis
  72 KB (10,825 words) - 22:38, September 26, 2023
• William M. Evarts
  ...tion he was a member of the standing committee on the preamble and bill of rights and the committee on the judiciary.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org ==Service in the Johnson, Grant, and Hayes administrations==
  30 KB (4,675 words) - 04:13, January 28, 2020
• Section 1983 Litigation/Personal Liability: Qualified Immunity
  ...Cir. 2000) (private physician who provided services to county relating to civil commitment not entitled to assert qualified immunity), ''and'' Halvorsen v. ...Court said that the federal courts should not rewrite the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; that placing unduly harsh burdens on plaintiffs may rob meritori
  74 KB (10,916 words) - 22:38, September 26, 2023
• MPEP 2700
  {{Statute|35 U.S.C. 154. Contents and term of patent; provisional rights.}} U.S.C. 141 or a civil action under 35 U.S.C.
  243 KB (39,660 words) - 22:41, May 31, 2020
• Constitution of the United States/Art. IV/Sec. 3/Clause 1 Admissions
  ...be made between her and the United States could diminish or enlarge these rights."<ref><span id="ALDF_00028287">''Id.''; ''see also'' ''id.'' at 222-23.</sp ....]]'', 235 U.S. 151 (1914).</span></ref> It acquires general jurisdiction, civil and criminal, for the preservation of public order, and the protection of p
  42 KB (6,417 words) - 04:48, September 13, 2023
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 5/Clause 2 Rules
  ...the rule does not 'ignore constitutional restraints or violate fundamental rights.<nowiki>'</nowiki>''[[NLRB v. Canning]]'', 573 U.S. 513, 564-64 (2014) (quo ...the rule does not "ignore constitutional restraints or violate fundamental rights."<ref><span id="ALDF_00026226">''[[Ballin]]'', 144 U.S. at 5.</span></ref>
  69 KB (10,947 words) - 04:33, September 13, 2023
• Contracts/Governing law
  ...k,· and after remaining there many years, died there, It was held that the rights of the wife In the distribution of the es tate must be go verned by the law .... Harris, 1-1 Mon. 447, 61 AmD 170; Cross v. Petcouche ree, 10 B. Mon. US; Johnson v. U. Bank 2 B Mon 310· Steele v Curle 4 Dana 3Rt· Cocke v. Conlgnlaker.
  127 KB (20,757 words) - 21:38, September 26, 2023
• Covington & Burling
  ...s and causing health problems. ATCA has been used to address serious human rights violations in places like [[Burma]] and [[East Timor]]. In their release, C ...erpost.com/ci_11017789?source=rss | work=Denver Post | first=Carrie | last=Johnson | title=Holder is top pick for attorney general | date=November 19, 2008}}<
  25 KB (3,492 words) - 17:56, February 16, 2022
• Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 9/Clause 4 Direct Taxes
  ...ively, the States and Territories of the United States and the District of Columbia into convenient collection districts, and to nominate and, by and with the ...GENAME}}/Fourteenth Amend.|Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection and Other Rights]].</span></ref>
  37 KB (5,864 words) - 04:38, September 13, 2023
• New York Law School
  ...legal education. Dwight and his fellow trailblazers boldly broke away from Columbia College to protest teaching methods they didn’t support. They established ...aintain a minimum 2.0 GPA for all courses. Required first-year courses are Civil Procedure, Contracts I and II, Criminal Law, Evidence, Lawyering, Legal Rea
  12 KB (1,766 words) - 23:38, March 28, 2020
• Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Sec. 2/Clause 2 Supreme Court Jurisdiction
  ...oting that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act referred to "controversies of a civil nature," Justice Horace Gray declared that it "was passed by the first Cong ...s Co. v. Oklahoma]]'', 334 U.S. 62, 67-69 (1948); ''[[Radio Station WOW v. Johnson]]'', 326 U.S. 120, 123-24 (1945).</span></ref> For similar reasons, the Cou
  53 KB (8,017 words) - 04:47, September 13, 2023