Constitutional Law Treatise
Table of Contents
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| Constitutional Law Outline
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| Introduction
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| The Preamble
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| Article I Legislative Branch
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| Art. I, Section 1 Legislative Vesting Clause
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| Art. I, Section 2 House of Representatives
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| Art. I, Section 3 Senate
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| Art. I, Section 4 Congress
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| Art. I, Section 5 Proceedings
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| Art. I, Section 6 Rights and Disabilities
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| Art. I, Section 7 Legislation
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| Art. I, Section 8 Enumerated Powers
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| Art. I, Section 9 Powers Denied Congress
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| Art. I, Section 10 Powers Denied States
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| Article II Executive Branch
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| Art. II, Section 1 Function and Selection
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| Art. II, Section 2 Powers
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| Art. II, Section 3 Duties
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| Art. II, Section 4 Impeachment
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| Article III Judicial Branch
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| Art. III, Section 1 Vesting Clause
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| Art. III, Section 2 Justiciability
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| Art. III, Section 3 Treason
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| Article IV Relationships Between the States
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| Art. IV, Section 1 Full Faith and Credit Clause
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| Art. IV, Section 2 Interstate Comity
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| Art. IV, Section 3 New States and Federal Property
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| Art. IV, Section 4 Republican Form of Government
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| Article V Amending the Constitution
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| Article VI Supreme Law
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| Article VII Ratification
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| First Amendment: Fundamental Freedoms
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| Religion
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| Establishment Clause
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| Free Exercise Clause
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| Free Speech Clause
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| Freedom of Association
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| Second Amendment: Right to Bear Arms
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| Third Amendment: Quartering Soldiers
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| Fourth Amendment: Searches and Seizures
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| Fifth Amendment: Rights of Persons
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| Sixth Amendment: Rights in Criminal Prosecutions
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| Seventh Amendment: Civil Trial Rights
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| Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
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| Ninth Amendment: Unenumerated Rights
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| Tenth Amendment: Rights Reserved to the States and the People
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| Eleventh Amendment: Suits Against States
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| Twelfth Amendment: Election of President
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| Thirteenth Amendment: Abolition of Slavery
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| Thirteenth Amend., Section 1 Prohibition on Slavery and Involuntary Servitude
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| Thirteenth Amend., Section 2 Enforcement
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| Fourteenth Amendment: Equal Protection and Other Rights
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| Fourteenth Amend., Section 1 Rights
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| Fourteenth Amend., Section 2 Apportionment of Representation
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| Fourteenth Amend., Section 3 Disqualification from Holding Office
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| Fourteenth Amend., Section 4 Public Debt
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| Fourteenth Amend., Section 5 Enforcement
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| Fifteenth Amendment: Right of Citizens to Vote
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| Fifteenth Amend., Section 1 Right to Vote
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| Fifteenth Amend., Section 2 Enforcement
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| Sixteenth Amendment: Income Tax
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| Seventeenth Amendment: Popular Election of Senators
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| Eighteenth Amendment: Prohibition of Liquor
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| Eighteenth Amend., Section 1 Prohibition
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| Eighteenth Amend., Section 2 Enforcement of Prohibition
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| Eighteenth Amend., Section 3 Ratification Deadline
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| Nineteenth Amendment: Women's Suffrage
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| Twentieth Amendment: Presidential Term and Succession
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 1 Terms
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 2 Meetings of Congress
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 3 Succession
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 4 Congress and Presidential Succession
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 5 Effective Date
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| Twentieth Amend., Section 6 Ratification
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| Twenty-First Amendment: Repeal of Prohibition
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| Twenty-First Amend., Section 1 Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment
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| Twenty-First Amend., Section 2 Importation, Transportation, and Sale of Liquor
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| Twenty-First Amend., Section 3 Ratification Deadline
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| Twenty-Second Amendment: Presidential Term Limits
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| Twenty-Second Amend., Section 1 Limit
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| Twenty-Second Amend., Section 2 Ratification Deadline
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| Twenty-Third Amendment: District of Columbia Electors
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| Twenty-Third Amend., Section 1 Electors
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| Twenty-Third Amend., Section 2 Enforcement
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| Twenty-Fourth Amendment: Abolition of Poll Tax
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| Twenty-Fourth Amend., Section 1 Poll Tax
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| Twenty-Fourth Amend., Section 2 Enforcement
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| Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Presidential Vacancy
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| Twenty-Fifth Amend., Section 1 Presidential Vacancy
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| Twenty-Fifth Amend., Section 2 Vice President Vacancy
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| Twenty-Fifth Amend., Section 3 Declaration by President
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| Twenty-Fifth Amend., Section 4 Declaration by Vice President and Others
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| Twenty-Sixth Amendment: Reduction of Voting Age
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| Twenty-Sixth Amend., Section 1 Eighteen Years of Age
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| Twenty-Sixth Amend., Section 2 Enforcement
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| Twenty-Seventh Amendment: Congressional Compensation
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Article IV Relationships Between the States
Article IV of the U.S. Constitution is sometimes called the "States' Relations Article." It contains several provisions concerning the federalist structure of government established by the Constitution, which divides sovereignty between the states and the National Government.
Sections 1 and 2 concern the states' relationships with each other. Section 1 is referred to as the Full Faith and Credit Clause, and requires states to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states; for example, states must generally give effect to judgments issued by an out-of-state court. Section 2 addresses interstate comity, that is, harmony and cooperation among the states. Its first clause grants the citizens of each state the privileges and immunities of the citizens of other states, preventing states from discriminating against non-residents in favor of their own citizens. Its second clause addresses when a person accused of a crime flees from one state to another, requiring the state where the fugitive is found to return him to the state where he has been charged with a crime, upon proper demand.
Sections 3 and 4 concern the states' relationships to the National Government. Section 3 grants Congress two important powers: to admit new states into the union, and to govern federal territories and property. Through Section 4, known as the Guarantee Clause, the United States promises to protect the states against foreign invasion and domestic insurrection, and to ensure that each state has "a Republican Form of Government."
Section 1 Full Faith and Credit Clause[edit | edit source]
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| Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
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Section 2 Interstate Comity[edit | edit source]
Clause 1 Privileges and Immunities[edit | edit source]
- Main Article
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| The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
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- Main Article
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| A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
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- Main Article
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| No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
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Section 3 New States and Federal Property[edit | edit source]
- Main Article
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| New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
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Clause 2 Territory and Other Property[edit | edit source]
- Main Article
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| The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
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Section 4 Republican Form of Government[edit | edit source]
- Main Article
| Clause Text
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| The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
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