Editing National Security Law Dycus/7th ed. Outline

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|subject=National Security Law
|text=National Security Law Dycus 7th ed.
|authors=Stephen Dycus*William C. Banks*Peter Raven Hansen*Stephen I. Vladeck*
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-==INTRODUCTION==
-===Purposes===
-===Organization===
-==PROVIDING FOR THE “COMMON DEFENCE”: THE ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING==
-===The Constitutional Text===
-===Pre-Constitutional History and Political Theory in Europe===
-===The American Experience Prior to 1787===
-===The Framers’ View===
-====The Convention====
-====Ratification====
-==THE PRESIDENT’S NATIONAL SECURITY POWERS==
-===The Spectrum of Presidential Power===
-====When the President Acts Pursuant to Delegated Authority in Foreign Relations====
-====When the President Acts in the “Zone of Twilight” in Foreign Relations====
-====When the President Takes Measures Incompatible with the Expressed or Implied Will of Congress in Foreign Relations====
-===The Commander in Chief’s War Powers===
-====Defensive War Power====
-====Customary War Power====
-====“Core” Presidential War Power and Statutory Limits====
-===The President’s Emergency Powers===
-====The National Emergencies Act and Standby Emergency Legislation====
-====Independent Executive Emergency Authority?====
-==CONGRESS’S NATIONAL SECURITY POWERS==
-===Congressional Authorizations for War===
-====Formal Declaration of War====
-====Authorizing War by Statute====
-====Limiting War Power? The War Powers Resolution====
-=====The Recital of Presidential War Powers=====
-=====Consultation=====
-=====Triggers and the Reporting Requirements=====
-=====The 60-Day Clock=====
-=====The Concurrent Resolution=====
-=====The Rule of Construction=====
-===Delegations and Appropriations for National Security===
-====Delegations of National Security Authority====
-====Implied Authorization by Defense Appropriation====
-====Wielding the Appropriations Power====
-===Limitations on Congressional War Powers===
-====The Nondelegation Principle====
-====The Lovett Principle====
-====The Chadha Principle====
-==THE COURTS’ NATIONAL SECURITY POWERS==
-===The Federal Judicial Power Generally===
-===A Self-Defining Role for Courts: The Justiciability Doctrines===
-====Standing to Sue====
-====The Political Question Doctrine====
-====Ripeness====
-===Substantive Hurdles: Bivens and Qualified Immunity===
-====A Cause of Action?====
-====Qualified Immunity====
-===Evidentiary Hurdles: The State Secrets Privilege===
-==THE DOMESTIC EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW==
-===The Making and Interpretation of Treaties===
-===Executive and Other Agreements===
-===The Domestic Legal Effect of Treaties and Executive Agreements===
-===Statutory Incorporation of International Law===
-===The Domestic Legal Effect of Customary International Law and ''Jus Cogens''===
-==THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF U.S. LAW”==
-===Extraterritorial Reach of Constitutional Rights===
-===Extraterritorial Effect of U.S. Statutes===
-==THE RIGHT TO WAGE WAR (''JUS AD BELLUM'')==
-===Law Regarding Resort to the Use of Force: The Basic Elements===
-===Content of ''Jus ad Bellum''===
-==INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (''JUS IN BELLO'')==
-===Authorities for ''Jus in Bello''===
-===Applying IHL — Conflict Classification and Combatant Immunity===
-==HOW WE GO TO WAR: LESSONS FROM VIETNAM==
-===Going to War in Vietnam===
-===Limiting the Scope of the Vietnam War===
-===Ending the Vietnam War===
-==COLLECTIVE USE OF FORCE==
-===The Korean “Police Action”===
-===The 1991 Persian Gulf War===
-===Afghanistan===
-==UNILATERAL USE OF FORCE==
-===Self-Defense and Reprisal===
-===Preemptive Self-Defense===
-===Addressing New Threats: Syria, the Islamic State, and Iran===
-===Rescue===
-==TARGETING TERRORISTS==
-===Targeted Killing by the United States After 9/11===
-===Targeted Killing and Human Rights Law (HRL)===
-===Targeted Killing and International Humanitarian Law (IHL)===
-===U.S. Law and the Targeting of U.S. Citizens===
-==CYBER OPERATIONS==
-===Assessing the Risk of Cyber Warfare===
-===Applying International Law to Cyber Operations===
-===Applying Domestic Law to Cyber Operations===
-===Cyber War of Ideas===
-==NUCLEAR WAR==
-===The Nature and Effects of Nuclear Weapons===
-===International Law of Nuclear Weapons===
-===Domestic Law of Nuclear Weapons===
-==HUMANITARIAN AND PEACE OPERATIONS==
-===Authority for Peaceful Deployments===
-===Crossing the Mogadishu Line: Good Intentions Gone Terribly Wrong===
-===Humanitarian Intervention in Libya — 2011===
-==INTRODUCING INTELLIGENCE==
-===The Intelligence Cycle===
-===How Is Intelligence Collected? — The “INTS”===
-===Covert Actions===
-==THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY: ORGANIZATION AND AUTHORITY==
-===Authority for Intelligence Activities===
-===Funding and Managing the Intelligence Community===
-===Coordination and Sharing of Intelligence===
-==COVERT OPERATIONS==
-===Curtailing Private Actions===
-===Early CIA Covert Operations===
-===CIA Operations and Congressional Oversight===
-===The Iran-Contra Affair===
-===Continuing Oversight Reforms===
-===Special Military Operations===
-===Outsourcing Secret War===
-==THE FOURTH AMENDMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY==
-===The Fourth Amendment Framework===
-===A National Security Exception?===
-=== A Foreign Intelligence Exception?===
-===Surveillance Abroad===
-==CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE==
-===The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Core Requirements===
-===FISA, Law Enforcement, and the Fourth Amendment===
-===FISA Trends===
-==PROGRAMMATIC ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE==
-===Case Study: The Terrorist Surveillance Program===
-===The FISA Amendments Act and the Future of Programmatic Surveillance===
-==THE THIRD-PARTY DOCTRINE: ORIGINS AND APPLICATIONS==
-===Origins of the Third-Party Doctrine===
-===Applications of the Third-Party Doctrine===
-==THE COLLECTION AND USE OF THIRD-PARTY RECORDS==
-===Targeted Collection of Third-Party Records===
-===Bulk Collection of Third-Party Records===
-===Data Mining===
-==SCREENING FOR SECURITY==
-===Checkpoint Searches===
-===Watch Listing===
-==PROFILING AND TRAVEL BANS==
-===Profiling===
-===The Trump Administration Travel Bans===
-==HABEAS CORPUS: THE STRUCTURE OF THE SUSPENSION CLAUSE==
-===The Origins of the Suspension Clause===
-===The Habeas Corpus Statute(s)===
-===Suspending the Writ===
-===The Effects of a Valid Suspension===
-==HABEAS CORPUS: THE SCOPE OF THE SUSPENSION CLAUSE==
-===Geographic Scope of the Suspension Clause===
-===Review Required by the Suspension Clause===
-==MILITARY DETENTION OF U.S. PERSONS==
-===The Internment Camps and the Non-Detention Act===
-===Military Detention of U.S. Persons Captured Overseas===
-===Military Detention of U.S. Persons Captured in the United States===
-===Codification of Military Detention===
-==MILITARY DETENTION OF NON-U.S. PERSONS==
-===Substantive Authority to Detain Non-U.S. Persons===
-===The Process for Proving Detainability===
-===The Next Generation of Guantánamo Litigation===
-===“Closing” Guantánamo===
-==PREVENTIVE DETENTION==
-===Constitutional Limits on Preventive Detention===
-===“Spitting on the Sidewalk”: Pretextual(?) Criminal Detention===
-===The Post-9/11 Roundup of “High Interest” Detainees===
-===Material Witness Detentions===
-==INTERROGATING TERRORIST SUSPECTS==
-===When Is Interrogation Torture?===
-===The Legal Standards and their Application===
-==CASE STUDY OF COERCIVE INTERROGATION OF DETAINEES IN U.S. CUSTODY AFTER 9/11==
-===The Evolving History of U.S. Interrogation of Suspected 997
-Terrorists===
-===Applying the Interrogation Laws===
-== CRIMINALIZING TERRORISM AND ITS PRECURSORS==
-===“Boom” Terrorist Crimes===
-===“Left of Boom” (Precursor) Crimes===
-===Treason===
-===The Long Arm of the Law: Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction===
-==TERRORISM TRIALS: PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE==
-===National Security Criminal Procedure: Miranda, Presentment, and Speedy Trial===
-===Coerced Evidence===
-===Secret Evidence===
-===Access to Secret Exculpatory Testimony===
-===Do We Need a National Security Court?===
-==TRIAL BY MILITARY COMMISSION==
-===Trial by Military Commission Before 9/11===
-===Trial by Military Commission After 9/11: The First Phase===
-===Military Commissions After Hamdan===
-==HOMELAND SECURITY==
-===Worst-Case Scenario: A Plague on Your City===
-===The Federal Response Role===
-===First Responders: State and Local Responses===
-===Responding to Biological Threats 1175 Case Study: The 2014 Ebola Virus Epidemic===
-==THE MILITARY’S DOMESTIC ROLE==
-===The Traditional Role of the Military in American Society===
-===Domestic Military Intelligence Collection===
-===The Military’s Role in Responding to Domestic Emergencies===
-===Martial Law: When Planning Fails===
-==SAFEGUARDING NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION==
-===Balancing Secrecy, Security, and Self-Determination===
-===Classification of National Security Information===
-===Restricting Access to Sensitive Information: Security Clearances===
-===Criminal Prosecution of Leakers: The Espionage Act===
-===“Authorized” Leaks===
-==ACCESS TO NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION==
-===The Freedom of Information Act===
-===Other Open Government Laws===
-===Non-Statutory Rights of Access===
-===Congress’s Right of Access===
-==CENSORSHIP==
-===Fundamentals of Censorship: The Pentagon Papers Case===
-===Wikileaks: The New New York Times?===
-===Publication as a Crime?===
-===Shooting the Messenger’s Messenger?===