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Editing Marbury v. Madison
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|date=February 24, 1803 | |date=February 24, 1803 | ||
|subject=Constitutional Law | |subject=Constitutional Law | ||
|facts=Marbury and others were appointed justices of the peace for DC by President Adams and confirmed by the Senate on Adams' last day in office. Their formal commissions were signed but not delivered. Madison, as Secretary of State, was directed by the new President Jefferson to withhold Marbury's commission. Marbury brought a writ of mandamus directly to the Supreme Court under the | |appealed_from= | ||
|case_treatment=No | |||
|overturned= | |||
|issues=Is the Supreme Court empowered to review acts of Congress and void those that it finds to be repugnant to the | |partially_overturned= | ||
|holding=Yes. Marbury's action is discharged because the Court does not have original jurisdiction; the Judiciary Act is unconstitutional. | |reaffirmed= | ||
|questioned= | |||
|criticized= | |||
|reasons= | |distinguished= | ||
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|facts=Marbury and others were appointed justices of the peace for DC by President Adams and confirmed by the Senate on Adams' last day in office. Their formal commissions were signed but not delivered. Madison, as Secretary of State, was directed by the new President Jefferson to withhold Marbury's commission. Marbury brought a writ of mandamus directly to the Supreme Court under the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established U.S. courts and authorized the Supreme Court to issue writs of mandamus to public officers. | |||
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|issues=Is the Supreme Court empowered to review acts of Congress and void those that it finds to be repugnant to the Constitution? | |||
|arguments= | |||
|holding=Yes. Marbury's action is discharged because the Court does not have original jurisdiction; the Judiciary Act is unconstitutional. | |||
|judgment= | |||
|reasons= | |||
|rule= | |||
|comments=* The facts demonstrate a plain case for mandamus action, and under the Judiciary Act this Court could so act. | |comments=* The facts demonstrate a plain case for mandamus action, and under the Judiciary Act this Court could so act. | ||
* Marbury claims that since the constitutional grant of jurisdiction is general and the clause assigning original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in Article 3, §2, contains no negative or restrictive words, the legislature may assign original jurisdiction to this Court in addition to that specified in the Constitution. But the clause specifies in what cases this Court is to have original jurisdiction, and that in all other cases its jurisdiction is appellate. Marbury's contention would render the clause ineffectual, an impermissible construction. Therefore, the Judiciary Act's grant of original mandamus jurisdiction is unconstitutional and void. | * Marbury claims that since the constitutional grant of jurisdiction is general and the clause assigning original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in Article 3, §2, contains no negative or restrictive words, the legislature may assign original jurisdiction to this Court in addition to that specified in the Constitution. But the clause specifies in what cases this Court is to have original jurisdiction, and that in all other cases its jurisdiction is appellate. Marbury's contention would render the clause ineffectual, an impermissible construction. Therefore, the Judiciary Act's grant of original mandamus jurisdiction is unconstitutional and void. | ||
* The grant of judicial power extends to all cases arising under the Constitution and laws of the US. Since the Constitution is superior to any ordinary legislative act, it must govern a case to which both apply. | * The grant of judicial power extends to all cases arising under the Constitution and laws of the US. Since the Constitution is superior to any ordinary legislative act, it must govern a case to which both apply. | ||
* The | * The Supremacy Clause in Article 6, §2, declares that the Constitution and those acts of Congress made in pursuance thereof shall be the supreme law of the land. Thus, the Court must determine when such acts are actually made in pursuance of the Constitution. The power of judicial review is implicit in the Constitution. | ||
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