Editing List of law schools in Canada

This is a '''list of [[:Category:Law Schools|law school]]s and law faculties in Canada'''.

Canada is mostly a common law jurisdiction.  However, the province of Quebec uses the civil law system for private law matters.

==Legal education in Canada==
Generally, entry into law programs in Canada is based primarily on a combination of the student's previous grades as well as, for English-language common-law programs, their score on the [[Law School Admission Test]] (LSAT). Factors such as specialized degrees, work experience, community involvement, personal character, extracurricular activities and references are sometimes taken into account, for which the Universities of [[University of Calgary Faculty of Law|Calgary]], [[University of Windsor Faculty of Law|Windsor]] and [[McGill University Faculty of Law|McGill]]'s holistic law school admissions are well known, but the LSAT remains far more determinative of admission than comparable standardized tests for other disciplines, such as the [[MCAT]] or [[GMAT]]. Quebec law schools, including the dual-curriculum, bilingual [[McGill University Faculty of Law]], do not require applicants to write the LSAT, although any scores are generally taken into account; nor do the French-language common-law programs at the [[Université de Moncton École de droit]] and [[University of Ottawa Faculty of Law]].

All of Canada's law schools are affiliated with [[public university|public universities]], and are thus public institutions. This practice has been held to have helped reduce disparities in the quality of students and instruction as between the schools. Since there is a limited number of positions in each law school's annual admissions, entry to all [https://www.todayblogpost.com/best-law-school-canada/ Canadian law schools] is intensely competitive: most law schools receive far more applicants than they can accommodate. Most schools focus on their respective regions, and many graduates remain in the region in which the school is located, though the relatively uniform quality of the law schools affords greater geographic mobility to graduates.

After completing the Juris Doctor, LL.B., or B.C.L. , students must [[articling|article]] for about a year (in Quebec, the six-month ''stage'' is the equivalent to articling); this can be a challenge for those with lower grades, as there are often a shortage of articling positions, and completion of articles is required to be able to practice law in Canada. Articling involves on-the-job training, at a lower introductory salary, under the supervision of a lawyer licensed by the Provincial Bar who has been practising for a minimum of 5 years. After ten to sixteen months of articling and [[call to the bar]], lawyers are free to practice in their own right: many are hired by the same lawyer or firm for which they articled, while some choose to begin independent practices or accept positions with different employers. Others may leave the private practice of law to work in government or industry as a lawyer or in a law-related position.

==Schools teaching common law==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! School
! Province (city)
! Degree
! Type
! Founded
|-
|Dalhousie University, [[Schulich School of Law]]
|'''Nova Scotia''' (Halifax)
|J.D.
|Public
|1883
|-
|Lakehead University, [[Bora Laskin Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Thunder Bay)
|J.D.
|Public
|2013
|-
|[[McGill University Faculty of Law]]
|'''Quebec''' (Montreal)
|J.D.
|Public
|1848 (LL.B. since 1968, J.D. since 2019)
|-
|[[Queen's University Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Kingston, Ontario)
|J.D.
|Public
|1957
|-
|[[Thompson Rivers University Faculty of Law]]
|'''British Columbia''' (Kamloops)
|J.D.
|Public
|2011
|-
|[[Ryerson University Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Toronto)
|J.D.
|Public
|2019
|-
|[[University of Alberta Faculty of Law]]
|'''Alberta''' (Edmonton)
|J.D.
|Public
|1912
|-
|University of British Columbia, [[Peter A. Allard School of Law]]
|'''British Columbia''' (Vancouver)
|J.D.
|Public
|1945
|-
| [[University of Calgary Faculty of Law]]
|'''Alberta''' (Calgary)
|J.D.
|Public
|1976
|-
|University of Manitoba, [[Robson Hall Faculty of Law]]
|'''Manitoba''' (Winnipeg)
|J.D.
|Public
|1914
|-
|[[University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law]]
|'''New Brunswick''' (Fredericton)
|J.D.
|Public
|1892
|-
| [[University of Ottawa Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Ottawa)
|J.D.
|Public
|1953
|-
|[[University of Saskatchewan College of Law]]
|'''Saskatchewan''' (Saskatoon)
|J.D.
|Public
|1912
|-
| [[University of Toronto Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Toronto)
|J.D.
|Public
|1949
|-
| [[University of Victoria Faculty of Law]]
|'''British Columbia''' (Victoria)
|J.D.
|Public
|1975
|-
|[[University of Western Ontario Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (London, Ontario|London)
|J.D.
|Public
|1959
|-
|[[University of Windsor Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Windsor)
|J.D.
|Public
|1967
|-
|[[Université de Moncton École de droit]]
|'''New Brunswick''' (Moncton)
|J.D.
|Public
|1978
|-
|[[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law]]
|'''Quebec''' (Montreal)
|J.D.
|Public
|2011
|-
|York University, [[Osgoode Hall Law School]]
|'''Ontario''' (Toronto)
|J.D.
|Public
|1889
|}

==Schools teaching civil law==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! School
! Province (city)
! Degree
! Type
! Founded
|-
|[[Faculté de droit de l'Université Laval]]
|'''Québec''' (Quebec City)
|LL.B.
|Public
|1852
|-
|[[McGill University Faculty of Law]]
|'''Québec''' (Montréal)
|B.C.L.
|Public
|1848
|-
|-
| [[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law]]
|'''Québec''' (Montréal)
|LL.B.
|Public
|1892
|-
| [[University of Ottawa Faculty of Law]]
|'''Ontario''' (Ottawa)
|LL.L.
|Public
|1953
|-
|Université du Québec à Montréal, Faculté de science politique et de droit
|'''Québec''' (Montréal)
|LL.B.
|Public
|1969
|-
|Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de droit
|'''Québec''' (Sherbrooke)
|LL.B.
|Public
|1954
|-
|}

==Schools offering dual law degrees or choice of legal system==
*[[Queen's University Faculty of Law]]
**Queen's Law students expecting to graduate with their common law JD degree may apply by March, to the Faculty of Law at the Université de Sherbrooke for admission into the combined degree program which leads to the conferral of a civil law degree after just one academic year of study.
*[[Osgoode Hall Law School]] 
**Complete an additional year at [[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law]] to earn a B.C.L. in civil law.
*[[University of Ottawa Faculty of Law]]
**Complete 3 years through the Canadian Law Program (PDC Programme de droit canadien) to earn a common-law (JD) and civil (LL.L.) simultaneously. This is an elite single-stream program available to 20 exceptional candidates only.<ref name="PDC">{{ cite news |url=http://www.droitcanadien.uottawa.ca/en/programs/droit-canadien/programme-de-droit-canadien-at-the-university-of-ottawa.html |publisher=University of Ottawa |title=Programme de droit canadien |date=Dec 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911193840/http://www.droitcanadien.uottawa.ca/en/programs/droit-canadien/programme-de-droit-canadien-at-the-university-of-ottawa.html |archivedate=2011-09-11 }}</ref> Or complete an additional year to complement either a common- (JD) or civil-law (LL.L.) degree with the other degree.<ref name="UOttawa">{{ cite news |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/academic/info/regist/calendars/programs/213.html |publisher=University of Ottawa |title=National Program at U of Ottawa |date=June 24, 2006 }}</ref> Spend two years at each of the University of Ottawa and either [[Michigan State University College of Law]] or [[Washington College of Law]] to obtain Canadian common-law and U.S. law degrees (double JD).
*[[McGill University Faculty of Law]]
**Complete 3, 3.5 or 4 years (at the student's option) to earn civil- (B.C.L.) and common-law (LL.B.) degrees through the mandatory 'transsystemic' programme. (In 1999 this single-stream program replaced the dual-stream National Programme, in place since 1968.)
*[[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law]]
**Complete an additional year at [[Osgoode Hall Law School]] to earn a JD in common law. University of Montreal has its own JD program that can be taken in the third year of the LL.B. studies.
*Université de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke Faculty of Law
**Complete an additional year to earn a JD in common law and transnational law
*[[University of Windsor Faculty of Law]]
**Complete three years to earn a Canadian common-law degree (JD) and, through the [[University of Detroit Mercy School of Law]], a U.S. law degree (JD).

==See also==
*[[:Category:Law Schools]]
*[[Law School Nicknames]]
*[[Akitsiraq Law School]] - Inuit Legal Education in Nunavut
 
== External links ==
*[http://www.lawstudents.ca/forums/ Canadian Law Students Forum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071009204843/http://www.canadianlawyermag.com/images/stories/pdfs/lawSchoolsResults.pdf Canadian Lawyer magazine's 2005 ranking of Canadian Law Schools]

== References ==
<references/>
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 Canada is mostly a common law jurisdiction.  However, the province of Quebec uses the civil law system for private law matters.
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-|'''Map''' of all law schools in Canada
-|}
 ==Legal education in Canada==
 Generally, entry into law programs in Canada is based primarily on a combination of the student's previous grades as well as, for English-language common-law programs, their score on the [[Law School Admission Test]] (LSAT). Factors such as specialized degrees, work experience, community involvement, personal character, extracurricular activities and references are sometimes taken into account, for which the Universities of [[University of Calgary Faculty of Law|Calgary]], [[University of Windsor Faculty of Law|Windsor]] and [[McGill University Faculty of Law|McGill]]'s holistic law school admissions are well known, but the LSAT remains far more determinative of admission than comparable standardized tests for other disciplines, such as the [[MCAT]] or [[GMAT]]. Quebec law schools, including the dual-curriculum, bilingual [[McGill University Faculty of Law]], do not require applicants to write the LSAT, although any scores are generally taken into account; nor do the French-language common-law programs at the [[Université de Moncton École de droit]] and [[University of Ottawa Faculty of Law]].