Editing Constitution of the United States
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Only a Grand Jury can indict someone for a serious federal crime. | Only a Grand Jury can indict someone for a serious federal crime. | ||
As of | As of 2022, a federal grand jury is made up of 23 people—even though this number isn't specified in the US Constitution.<ref>https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-the-national-constitution-center/us-gov-the-bill-of-rights-ncc/v/the-fifth-amendment?modal=1</ref> A Grand Jury doesn't have to be unanimous for an indictment—a majority will suffice. In contrast, after the indictment, a unanimous decision is necessary for a federal criminal conviction by a '''petit jury''' in order to meet the "beyond a reasonable doubt" bar for proof. | ||
===Double jeopardy=== | ===Double jeopardy=== | ||
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''[[Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon]]'', (1922), ruled that excessive regulation of a property is tantamount to the acquisition of the aforesaid property. This is known as "regulatory takings"; <span style="background:yellow">regulatory taking</span> means that the government leaves no economically viable use for the property owner. | ''[[Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon]]'', (1922), ruled that excessive regulation of a property is tantamount to the acquisition of the aforesaid property. This is known as "regulatory takings"; <span style="background:yellow">regulatory taking</span> means that the government leaves no economically viable use for the property owner. | ||
== 6th Amendment (Criminal prosecutions) == | == 6th Amendment (Criminal prosecutions) == |