Affirmative action
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Affirmative action is a policy to increase representation of disadvantaged groups who have been sidelined. This policy can be based on gender, race, national origin, religion, and so on.
Cases
United Steelworkers of America v. Weber (1979) was a Supreme Court on the question of affirmative action in the workplace. The Court decided that Title VII doesn't prohibit voluntary affirmative action by private employers.