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Editing Constitutional Law Maggs/4th ed. Outline II
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A redistricting plan violates the Equal Protection Clause if it cannot rationally be understood as anything other than an attempt to separate votes based on race and there is not sufficient justification for the separation. | A redistricting plan violates the Equal Protection Clause if it cannot rationally be understood as anything other than an attempt to separate votes based on race and there is not sufficient justification for the separation. | ||
===Gender Discrimination as a Quazi-Suspect Class Intermediate Scrutiny=== | ===Gender Discrimination as a Quazi-Suspect Class Intermediate Scrutiny=== | ||
==== | ====Craig v. Boren==== | ||
A governmental regulation involving gender discrimination is constitutional if it is substantially related to the achievement of an important governmental purpose. A statute prohibited the sale of 3.2 percent beer to male under the age of 21 but permitted the sale to females over the age of 18. The government interest was safety but it was not substantially related because even though there was a statistical difference, it was not enough to justify a broad categorical rule prohibiting sale to males. | A governmental regulation involving gender discrimination is constitutional if it is substantially related to the achievement of an important governmental purpose. A statute prohibited the sale of 3.2 percent beer to male under the age of 21 but permitted the sale to females over the age of 18. The government interest was safety but it was not substantially related because even though there was a statistical difference, it was not enough to justify a broad categorical rule prohibiting sale to males. | ||
====[[United States v. Virginia]]==== | ====[[United States v. Virginia]]==== | ||